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This article is about the clerical office. For other uses, see Dean (disambiguation). A dean , in a church context, is a cleric holding certain positions of authority within a religious hierarchy. The title is used mainly in the Anglican Communion, the Roman Catholic Church, and many Lutheran denominations. A dean's assistant is called a subdean. Contents 1 History 2 Officials 3 Anglican Communion 3.1 Cathedrals 3.2 Rural or area deaneries 3.3 Other uses 4 Catholic Church 5 Lutheran Church 6 United Methodism 7 Other uses 8 See also 9 References History Latin decanus has various meanings related to the most important of ten parts, perhaps originally in astrology. In the military, it was the head of a group of ten, and by the 5th century CE, it was the head of a group of ten monks. It came to refer to various civil functionaries in the later Roman Empire. [1] Based on the monastic use, it came to mean the head of a chapter of canons of a collegiate church or cathedral ch...

This article is about the office in Christian churches. For other uses, see Bishop (disambiguation). For bishops as a group, see Historical episcopate. For forms of church government by bishops, see Episcopal polity. A bishop (English derivation [a] [1] [2] [3] from the New Testament of the Christian Bible Greek επίσκοπος , epískopos , "overseer", "guardian") is an ordained, consecrated, or appointed member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican, Old Catholic and Independent Catholic churches and in the Assyrian Church of the East, bishops claim apostolic succession, a direct historical lineage dating back to the original Twelve Apostles. Within these churches, bishops are seen as those who possess the full priesthood and can ordain clergy – including another bishop. Some Protestant churches including the Lutheran and Methodist churches...